Kadi Viik, 04.03.2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Libeeria<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Libeerias elab 5,5 miljonit inimest, 28 etnilist h\u00f5imu ja keelt. 70% elanikkonnast on noored. Libeerias on v\u00e4ga k\u00f5rge korruptsioonitase ja v\u00e4hearenenud infrastruktuur. Human Development Index oli 2021. aastal 0,481. Libeerias on 34% naistest ja 63% meestest kirjaoskajad. 22% naistest ja 39% meestest on keskharidusega. T\u00f6\u00f6h\u00f5ives on 70% naistest ja 80% meestest. Naiste oodatav eluiga on 62 aastat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n American Colonization Society<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Libeeria on \u00fcks kahest Aafrika riigist, mis ei ole olnud koloniaalriik. Ameerikast vabastati Libeeriasse 50 000 libeerlast ja 3000 afrokariibi p\u00e4ritolu endist orja (American Colonization Society). Orjandus kaotati Libeerias 1860. aastal. Kohalikud libeerlased tegelesid ka ise orjandusega. Vabastatud orjade ja kohalike vahel tekkisid maa-alade konfliktid. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Congod ja poliitiline kultuur<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Congod on Ameerika-libeerlased, kelle esivanemad olid orjastatud afroameeriklased ja kes emigreerusid Libeeriasse 19. sajandil. Ameerika-libeerlastest sai Libeeria j\u00f5ukam kiht. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Libeeria poliitiline kultuur on inspireeritud USA omast: kahekohaline parlament, presidentaalne riik, presidendivalimised toimuvad novembris ja president astub ametisse jaanuaris. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Libeeria p\u00f5hiseadusesse on kirjutatud, et Libeeria kodanik peab olema mustanahaline libeerlane. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Congod on Ameerika-libeerlased, kelle esivanemad olid orjastatud afroameeriklased ja kes emigreerusid Libeeriasse 19. sajandil. Ameerika-libeerlastest sai Libeeria j\u00f5ukam kiht. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Kodus\u00f5jad<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Esimene Libeeria kodus\u00f5da ehk \u201chell on earth<\/em>\u201d toimus aastatel 1989\u20131997, mille k\u00e4igus hukkus ligikaudu 200 000 inimest. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Charles Taylor vs Samuel Doe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n WHO andmetel v\u00e4gistati 76% naistest, Libeeria enda andmetel 90%. Kolmandik elanikest oli sunnitud \u00fcmber asuma. S\u00f5jas osalesid erinevad grupeeringud. Nii esimese kui ka teise kodus\u00f5ja ajal sunniti relvakonfliktides osalema ka lapsi alates kaheksandast eluaastast. Kuigi taasintegreerimise katseid on olnud, on suurem osa endistest lapss\u00f5duritest endiselt \u00fchiskonnast t\u00f5rjutud. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Kodus\u00f5jas kasutati traditsioonilistest uskumustest p\u00e4rinevat hirmutamistaktikat \u201ccrossdressing<\/em>\u201d. Lahingus kanti maske, kotte, pulmakleite v\u00f5i mitte midagi, et vastast hirmutada. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Libeerias pole s\u00f5jakuritegude ajalugu piisavalt uuritud. Uus valitsus l\u00f5i 2024. aastal War and Economic Crimes Court<\/em> osakonna, kuid selle tegevus ei ole seni silma paistnud. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Libeeria teine kodus\u00f5da leidis aset aastatel 1999\u20132003. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Nobeli rahupreemiad<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kaks Libeeria naist on saanud Nobeli rahupreemia v\u00e4givallavaba aktivismi mobiliseerimise eest: Leymah Gbowee ja Ellen Johnson Sirleaf. Leymah Gbowee oli \u00fcks liikumise Women Mass Action for Peace <\/em>algatajaid. Naiste aktsioon n\u00f5udis kodus\u00f5jale l\u00f5ppu; naised kandsid valgeid r\u00f5ivaid, tantsisid, palvetasid, blokeerisid eba\u00f5nnestunud l\u00e4bir\u00e4\u00e4kimiste ukse ja korraldasid seksistreigi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Ellen Johnson Sirleaf oli Libeeria president aastatel 2006\u20132018. Ta on esimene Aafrikas demokraatlikult valitud naispresident. Tema p\u00e4rand on vastuoluline, sest ta on toetanud s\u00f5jakurjategijat ja poliitikut Charles Taylorit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Naistevastane v\u00e4givald<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 49% Libeeria naistest on kogenud f\u00fc\u00fcsilist ja\/v\u00f5i seksuaalset v\u00e4givalda v\u00e4hemalt korra elu jooksul, 35% viimase 12 kuu jooksul. 36% naistest on abiellunud lapsena. 44% naistest on l\u00e4binud FGM-i ehk naiste suguelundite moonutamise. Kuigi selle praktika l\u00f5petamiseks on korraldatud palju kampaaniaid, on endiselt levinud arusaam, et naised ei ole \u201ck\u00f5lblikud\u201d ilma FGM-ita ning protseduure viiakse l\u00e4bi ka t\u00e4nap\u00e4eval. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Libeerias ei ole LGBT+ \u00f5igused kaitstud \u2013 samasooliste suhete eest v\u00f5idakse m\u00e4\u00e4rata kriminaalkaristus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Soovitused<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Raamat: \u201cMadame President: The Extraordinary Journey of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf\u201d, autor Helene Cooper. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Dokumentaalfilm: \u201cPray the Devil Back to Hell\u201d, re\u017eiss\u00f6\u00f6r Gini Reticker.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Kadi Viik, 04.03.2025 Libeeria Libeerias elab 5,5 miljonit inimest, 28 etnilist h\u00f5imu ja keelt. 70% elanikkonnast on noored. Libeerias on v\u00e4ga k\u00f5rge korruptsioonitase ja v\u00e4hearenenud infrastruktuur. Human Development Index oli 2021. aastal 0,481. Libeerias on 34% naistest ja 63% meestest kirjaoskajad. 22% naistest ja 39% meestest on keskharidusega. T\u00f6\u00f6h\u00f5ives on 70% naistest ja 80% meestest. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":14880,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,123],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-loengud","category-loengud-2025"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14879"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14879\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14881,"href":"https:\/\/www.rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14879\/revisions\/14881"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14880"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}