Jarmo Tael: Kokkuv\u00f5te Raul Eametsa loengust<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Teisip\u00e4eval, 26. oktoobril k\u00e4is Rahvusvaheliste Suhete Ringile loengut pidamas RSR-i vilistlane ja T\u00dc makro\u00f6konoomika professor Raul Eamets, kes r\u00e4\u00e4kis teemal “Kas t\u00f6\u00f6j\u00f5u liikumine lahendab vana maailma probleemid?”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Professor Eametsa loeng keskendus t\u00f6\u00f6j\u00f5u migratsioonile Euroopas, sest tema arvates oli antud teema selline teema, mis alati esile kerkib. Loeng keskendus p\u00f5hiosas Euroopale, kuid arutlesime ka teemat Eesti vaatevinklist vaadatuna. T\u00f6\u00f6j\u00f5u migratsiooni on kaks erinevat varianti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. T\u00f6\u00f6taja vahetab elukohta koos t\u00f6\u00f6ga<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2. T\u00f6\u00f6taja k\u00e4ib t\u00f6\u00f6koha ja kodukoha vahel edasi tagasi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peamine p\u00f5hjus, miks v\u00e4lismaale t\u00f6\u00f6le minnakse, on loomulikult raha. K\u00fcsitluse p\u00f5hjal on ka 99% v\u00f5\u00f5rsil t\u00f6\u00f6l k\u00e4ivatest inimestest selle aspekti peamise ajendina v\u00e4lja toonud. N\u00e4iteks on USA ja Mehhiko palgavahe neljakordne, sama on see ka Euroopa ja Venemaa vahel ning n\u00e4iteks eestlaste sissetulek moodustab 60 \u2013 70% Euroopa keskmisest sissetulekust. Raul Eamets v\u00e4itis, et kui sellised vahed sissetulekutes j\u00e4\u00e4vad maailmas p\u00fcsima, siis ei katke ka t\u00f6\u00f6j\u00f5u migratsioon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Peamised l\u00e4hteriigid, kust tullakse, on Maroko, Ukraina, Hiina, India, Boliivia, Brasiilia, Albaania ja Venemaa. Nad on enamasti n\u00f5us t\u00f6\u00f6tama mustalt ja seet\u00f5ttu ka t\u00f6\u00f6andjate poolt soositud. Meedia vahendusel n\u00e4htavate s\u00fcndmuste p\u00f5hjal v\u00f5ime k\u00fcll arvata, et k\u00f5ige rohkem on probleeme migrantidega Prantsusmaa, kuid tegelikkuses on asi hoopis teistmoodi. K\u00f5ige suuremat viha migrantide vastu kantakse L\u00e4tis, Kreekas, Taanis, Maltas ja vanades Euroopa riikides. K\u00f5ige v\u00e4hem tunti immigrantide vastast viha Rootsis ja Soomes. On ka olemas n\u00e4iteid, kus migrantide poolt tekitatud probleemide k\u00e4es vaevlev riik on selles ise s\u00fc\u00fcdi. N\u00e4iteks kutsuti t\u00fcrklasi, hispaanlasi, portugallasi peale II MS Saksamaad \u00fcles ehitama. Lisat\u00f6\u00f6j\u00f5udu oli nii palju vaja, et immigrante lausa meelitati t\u00f6\u00f6le kaugele, kodust eemale. Hiljem, kui 1970ndatel tekkisid esimesed s\u00f5jaj\u00e4rgsed majandusraskused \u00fcle maailma, siis hakati neid j\u00e4rsku koju tagasi ajama. Loomulikult nad ei l\u00e4inud, p\u00f5hjuseks ikka asjaolu, et palgad olid suuremad kui nende kodumaal. Moodi l\u00e4ks immigrantide seas hoopis perekondade taas\u00fchinemine, see t\u00e4hendab, et nende perekonnad tulid neile j\u00e4rgi, mist\u00f5ttu immigrantide hulk suurenes veelgi. Samuti tekkis 1980. ja 1990ndatel peatselt lagunema hakkavatest riikidest palju as\u00fc\u00fclitaotlejaid, kes kahel k\u00e4el vastu v\u00f5eti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Eelmine suurem t\u00f6\u00f6j\u00f5u migrantide laine oli 2004. – 2005. aastal, kui Euroopa Liiduga \u00fchines mitu uut liikmesriiki. Vanad liikmesriigid, eelk\u00f5ige Saksamaa, keerasid alguses oma piirid uuele tulevale t\u00f6\u00f6j\u00f5ule lukku. Hiljem siiski need uuesti avati ja see aitas kindlasti kaasa majanduskasvule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tulevikus saab kindlasti Euroopa \u00fcheks probleemiks rahvaarvu v\u00e4henemine, samal ajal kui suuremates p\u00e4ritoluriikides, nagu Indias ja mustas Aafrika riikides see kasvab.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Loomulikult p\u00f5hjustab t\u00f6\u00f6j\u00f5umigratsioon nii p\u00e4ritoluriigile nii positiivset kui ka negatiivset m\u00f5ju:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 Riigisisese mobiilsuse suurenemine<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 Inimkapitali suurenemine ajutise t\u00f6\u00f6tamise korral<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 Migrantide raha\u00fclekanded, positiivne m\u00f5ju kodumaisele kogun\u00f5udlusele (Moldova)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 V\u00e4heneb vajadus teatud eriala inimesi ise v\u00e4lja koolitada (nt tudengite liikumine)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 T\u00f6\u00f6j\u00f5u defitsiidi tingimustes t\u00f5usevad osadel erialadel palgad<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 Ajude v\u00e4ljavool, tootlikkuse kadu<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u2022 Negatiivse migratsiooni saldo korral teravnevad rahvastiku vananemisest tulenevad probleemid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u00fcsitlused n\u00e4itavad, et eestlastest t\u00f6\u00f6j\u00f5umigrantidest 50% t\u00f6\u00f6tab Soomes, L\u00e4tis ja Leedus on populaarsemad sihtriigid Suurbritannia ja Iirimaa. Eamets arvas, et varem v\u00f5i hiljem tuleb meil hakata t\u00f6\u00f6j\u00f5udu mujalt juurde toom, kuna meie iibega ei ole just k\u00f5ige paremad lood. Keeruliseks l\u00e4heb kindlasti Aasiast tulnud migrantidega, kuna nende kultuuriline taust on meie omast v\u00e4ga erinev.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Konspekteeris Jarmo Tael<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Jarmo Tael: Kokkuv\u00f5te Raul Eametsa loengust Teisip\u00e4eval, 26. oktoobril k\u00e4is Rahvusvaheliste Suhete Ringile loengut pidamas RSR-i vilistlane ja T\u00dc makro\u00f6konoomika professor Raul Eamets, kes r\u00e4\u00e4kis teemal “Kas t\u00f6\u00f6j\u00f5u liikumine lahendab vana maailma probleemid?” Professor Eametsa loeng keskendus t\u00f6\u00f6j\u00f5u migratsioonile Euroopas, sest tema arvates oli antud teema selline teema, mis alati esile kerkib. Loeng keskendus p\u00f5hiosas […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,79],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loengud","category-79"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1408","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1408"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1408\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1408"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1408"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.rsr.ut.ee\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1408"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}